What are the Kleshas and how do we work with them in yoga?

The Kleshas are mental states or afflictions that hinder our spiritual growth and lead to suffering. In yoga philosophy, they are considered the root causes of human ignorance and suffering. There are five main kleshas:

1. Avidya (ignorance)

2. Asmita (egoism)

3. Raga (attachment)

4. Dvesha (aversion) and

5. Abhinivesha (fear of death).

1. Avidya, or ignorance, is the primary klesha. It refers to our lack of knowledge about our true nature and our interconnection with all beings. Avidya keeps us trapped in a cycle of suffering by preventing us from realizing the impermanence of material possessions and the illusion of separateness. By cultivating self-awareness and seeking wisdom, we can gradually overcome Avidya and understand our inherent divinity. Translation: A=non Vidya=true sight.

2. Asmita, or egoism, is the identification with the self as separate from others. It creates a sense of superiority or inferiority and fosters an illusion of individuality. Egoism can manifest as pride, arrogance, or low self-esteem, and it prevents us from recognizing the interconnectedness of all beings. By practicing humility, compassion, and selfless service, we can transcend the limitations of the ego and cultivate a sense of unity with others. Translation: Asmi-ta=Egoism, in hindi it means pride.

3. Raga, or attachment, is the desire to possess and cling to pleasurable experiences, objects, or relationships. It arises from the mistaken belief that external things can bring lasting happiness. Attachment keeps us trapped in a perpetual cycle of craving and dissatisfaction, as no external object or experience can fulfill our deepest longings. By cultivating detachment and focusing on inner fulfillment rather than external gratification, we can break free from the grip of attachment and experience true contentment.

4. Dvesha, or aversion, is the opposite of attachment. It is the tendency to avoid or push away unpleasant experiences, objects, or people. Aversion arises from a fear of discomfort or pain and prevents us from fully experiencing and learning from challenging situations. By developing equanimity and acceptance, we can embrace all aspects of life, both pleasant and unpleasant, and cultivate inner strength and resilience.

5. Abhinivesha, or fear of death, is the most deeply rooted klesha. It is the innate instinct of self-preservation and the fear of annihilation. This klesha drives many of our thoughts, emotions, and actions, as we constantly seek security and avoid situations that threaten our existence. By realizing the impermanence of life and cultivating faith in the inherent goodness of the universe, we can overcome the fear of death and live with a sense of freedom and fearlessness. When we face our F.E.A.R. (False Evidence Appearing Real), of perceived death, we can become free.

In daily life, the kleshas can manifest in various ways and cause suffering. For example, attachment can lead to excessive materialism, obsession with success, or codependent relationships. Aversion can result in judgment, resentment, or avoidance of challenging situations. Egoism can manifest as selfishness, pride, or a need for validation. Ignorance can keep us stuck in limiting beliefs or prevent us from recognizing our interconnectedness. And fear can stop us from experiencing the present moment.

To use the kleshas in daily life, we need to cultivate self-awareness and observe how these mental afflictions arise in our thoughts, emotions, and actions.

By developing mindfulness and non-judgmental awareness, we can catch ourselves when we are caught in the grip of the kleshas and consciously choose a different response. The yogi’s say we develop “the crest jewel” of discrimination.

Through practices such as meditation, yoga, and self-reflection, we can gradually weaken the kleshas and cultivate their antidotes. Wisdom, humility, detachment, acceptance, and faith.

Which Klesha have you struggled with and how has it manifested in your life?